The Risks and Rewards of AI Dependence in Nigerian Education: A Critical Evaluation

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming education globally, offering innovative solutions for personalized learning, administrative automation, and research advancements. In the Nigerian context, AI has the potential to bridge educational gaps, enhance accessibility, and improve learning outcomes. However, its adoption also presents challenges, including ethical concerns, digital inequality, job displacement, and over-reliance on AI-driven systems. In this paper, we examine the current state of AI adoption in Nigerian education, analysing both its benefits and associated risks. Using data from 800 respondents across key stakeholder groups students, educators, administrators, policymakers, and EdTech professionals, we explore perceptions of AI’s role in learning, governance, and policy development. The study employs statistical analysis to assess AI awareness, stakeholder priorities, and concerns, providing empirical evidence on AI’s transformative potential and its limitations. Findings highlight the need for ethical AI policies, teacher training, digital infrastructure investment, and AI literacy programs to ensure responsible and inclusive AI adoption. This paper also presents policy recommendations for government, academic institutions, and the private sector, advocating for a balanced AI strategy that enhances education while preserving human-centred learning. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of further research to refine AI integration frameworks in Nigerian education.